# NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
Carbon dioxide | CAS 124-38-9
CO2 | RTECS FF6400000
Synonyms & Trade Names Carbonic acid gas, Dry ice [Note: Normal constituent of air (about 300 ppm)]. | DOT ID & Guide 1013 120 1845 120 (dry ice) 2187 120 (liquid)
Exposure Limits | NIOSH REL: TWA 5000 ppm (9000 mg/m3) ST 30,000 ppm (54,000 mg/m3)
OSHA PEL†: TWA 5000 ppm (9000 mg/m3)
IDLH 40,000 ppm | Conversion 1 ppm = 1.80 mg/m3
Physical Description Colorless, odorless gas. [Note: Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas. Solid form is utilized as dry ice.]
MW: 44.0 | BP: Sublimes | MLT: -109°F (Sublimes) | Sol(77°F): 0.2%
VP: 56.5 atm | IP: 13.77 eV | RGasD: 1.53 |
Fl.P: NA | UEL: NA | LEL: NA |
Nonflammable Gas
Incompatibilities & Reactivities Dusts of various metals, such as magnesium, zirconium, titanium, aluminum, chromium & manganese are ignitable and explosive when suspended in carbon dioxide. Forms carbonic acid in water.
Measurement Methods NIOSH 6603; OSHA ID172
Personal Protection & Sanitation Skin: Frostbite Eyes: Frostbite Wash skin: No recommendation Remove: No recommendation Change: No recommendation Provide: Frostbite | First Aid (See procedures) Eye: Frostbite Skin: Frostbite Breathing: Respiratory support
Respirator Recommendations NIOSH/OSHA Up to 40,000 ppm: (APF = 10) Any supplied-air respirator/(APF = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: (APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode/(APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus Escape: Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus
Exposure Routes inhalation, skin and/or eye contact (liquid/solid)
Symptoms Headache, dizziness, restlessness, paresthesia; dyspnea (breathing difficulty); sweating, malaise (vague feeling of discomfort); increased heart rate, cardiac output, blood pressure; coma; asphyxia; convulsions; frostbite (liquid, dry ice)
Target Organs respiratory system, cardiovascular system
See also: INTRODUCTION